Amutar n taẓẓut x rmetḥef d timḍinin

Rmetḥef n Ter

Rmujtamaɛ ṣinaɛi. 1845-1935

Lmendar n ṭasniɛ di Ter iṭenɛakas di tnayen n maketat ṭeksent eṇefs

ⵍⵎⴻⵏⴷⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵙⵏⵉⵄ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴻⵔ ⵉⵟⴻⵏⵄⴰⴽⴰⵙ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵏⴰⵢⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⴽⴻⵜⴰⵜ ⵟⴻⴽⵙⴻⵏⵜ ⴻⵏⵏⴻⴼⵙ

Lmendar n ṭasniɛ di Ter iṭenɛakas di tnayen n maketat ṭeksent eṇefs

ⵍⵎⴻⵏⴷⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵙⵏⵉⵄ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴻⵔ ⵉⵟⴻⵏⵄⴰⴽⴰⵙ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵏⴰⵢⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⴽⴻⵜⴰⵜ ⵟⴻⴽⵙⴻⵏⵜ ⴻⵏⵏⴻⴼⵙ

Lɛamaliyya nel maknana d ṭasniɛ tuɣa wateɛni ca ɣa ijjen ṭaḥwil iqtisadi u di lɛamaliyyat nel intaj, sinu tused kis can ṭaɣyirat ijtimaɛiyya u iqtisadiyya ṭimeqranin. Amcana yetqeḍam ṭaɣyirata i miyzent lmujtamaɛ eṇeg nida sijjen furma musalliya, ɛabr medyut nusḥeṣi d ṭaswat d maketat del macahid d can reḥwayej eṇeɣni. Banend abtal dejdid: iṇi itfabrikan d ixeḍamen, u xaṣatan timɣarin, i tuɣa d lyad lɛamila tamezwaṛut n fabrikat nifiran n wareqqeɛ (taxiyyat) di Ter. Banent furmat dejdid n tudat mertabtin ak rxedmet di fabrika, mani tiseɛɛatin ner xedmet tuɣa ṣaḥarent. U yebda lwaɛy ṭabaqi zi lfi'at lijtimaɛiyya del istratijiyyat n ṭandim nsent di ṇaqabat, ṭaɛaʷuniyyat, ljemɛiyyat lmuctaraka, ljemɛiyyat nejjuqet, ljemɛiyyat n aytbaben necci, d ca eṇeɣni. Di lɛalaqat nel intaj jdid jar ixeḍamen d sḥab fabrikat, amxumber (idrab, aqqan nel jemɛiyyat n aytbaben necci...) tuɣa mustaḥil atitwajeṇeb bnadem, u awarni ma ɛdun isegʷusa yeṭaxed aṭas n furmat, u can maṛat urad ak umenɣi.

Deg neggar, wanzeṃar anefhem lmerḥalaya nejdid bra ma nehtem zi ṭaqafa, tɣuri, ṭarfih d aṛiyada, i iṭenɛakasen deg ijjen lirtibat naqabi mkeṭef iḍibuxar ijjen lmujtamaɛ ɣas ijjen ḍinamikiyya ṭameqrant biɣad eṇadar x ṣuɛuba l ḍuruf n tudart niɣ dumxumber i yeǧan.

ⵔⵎⵓⵊⵜⴰⵎⴰⵄ ⵚⵉⵏⴰⵄⵉ. 1845-1935

ⵍⵄⴰⵎⴰⵍⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵏⴻⵍ ⵎⴰⴽⵏⴰⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵟⴰⵙⵏⵉⵄ ⵜⵓⵖⴰ ⵡⴰⵜⴻⵄⵏⵉ ⵛⴰ ⵖⴰ ⵉⵊⵊⴻⵏ ⵟⴰⵃⵡⵉⵍ ⵉⵇⵜⵉⵙⴰⴷⵉ ⵓ ⴷⵉ ⵍⵄⴰⵎⴰⵍⵉⵢⵢⴰⵜ ⵏⴻⵍ ⵉⵏⵜⴰⵊ, ⵙⵉⵏⵓ ⵜⵓⵙⴻⴷ ⴽⵉⵙ ⵛⴰⵏ ⵟⴰⵖⵢⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵉⵊⵜⵉⵎⴰⵄⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵓ ⵉⵇⵜⵉⵙⴰⴷⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵟⵉⵎⴻⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⴰⵎⵛⴰⵏⴰ ⵢⴻⵜⵇⴻⴹⴰⵎ ⵟⴰⵖⵢⵉⵔⴰⵜⴰ ⵉ ⵎⵉⵢⵣⴻⵏⵜ ⵍⵎⵓⵊⵜⴰⵎⴰⵄ ⴻⵏⵏⴻⴳ ⵏⵉⴷⴰ ⵙⵉⵊⵊⴻⵏ ⴼⵓⵔⵎⴰ ⵎⵓⵙⴰⵍⵍⵉⵢⴰ, ⵄⴰⴱⵔ ⵎⴻⴷⵢⵓⵜ ⵏⵓⵙⵃⴻⵚⵉ ⴷ ⵟⴰⵙⵡⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵎⴰⴽⴻⵜⴰⵜ ⴷⴻⵍ ⵎⴰⵛⴰⵀⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵛⴰⵏ ⵔⴻⵃⵡⴰⵢⴻⵊ ⴻⵏⵏⴻⵖⵏⵉ. ⴱⴰⵏⴻⵏⴷ ⴰⴱⵜⴰⵍ ⴷⴻⵊⴷⵉⴷ: ⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⴼⴰⴱⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵅⴻⴹⴰⵎⴻⵏ, ⵓ ⵅⴰⵚⴰⵜⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ, ⵉ ⵜⵓⵖⴰ ⴷ ⵍⵢⴰⴷ ⵍⵄⴰⵎⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴻⵣⵡⴰⵕⵓⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⴱⵔⵉⴽⴰⵜ ⵏⵉⴼⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⴻⵇⵇⴻⵄ (ⵜⴰⵅⵉⵢⵢⴰⵜ) ⴷⵉ ⵜⴻⵔ. ⴱⴰⵏⴻⵏⵜ ⴼⵓⵔⵎⴰⵜ ⴷⴻⵊⴷⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴰⵜ ⵎⴻⵔⵜⴰⴱⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴽ ⵔⵅⴻⴷⵎⴻⵜ ⴷⵉ ⴼⴰⴱⵔⵉⴽⴰ, ⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⵜⵉⵙⴻⵄⵄⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⴻⵔ ⵅⴻⴷⵎⴻⵜ ⵜⵓⵖⴰ ⵚⴰⵃⴰⵔⴻⵏⵜ. ⵓ ⵢⴻⴱⴷⴰ ⵍⵡⴰⵄⵢ ⵟⴰⴱⴰⵇⵉ ⵣⵉ ⵍⴼⵉ'ⴰⵜ ⵍⵉⵊⵜⵉⵎⴰⵄⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⴷⴻⵍ ⵉⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵢⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵏⴷⵉⵎ ⵏⵙⴻⵏⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⴰⵇⴰⴱⴰⵜ, ⵟⴰⵄⴰʷⵓⵏⵉⵢⵢⴰⵜ, ⵍⵊⴻⵎⵄⵉⵢⵢⴰⵜ ⵍⵎⵓⵛⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰ, ⵍⵊⴻⵎⵄⵉⵢⵢⴰⵜ ⵏⴻⵊⵊⵓⵇⴻⵜ, ⵍⵊⴻⵎⵄⵉⵢⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜⴱⴰⴱⴻⵏ ⵏⴻⵛⵛⵉ, ⴷ ⵛⴰ ⴻⵏⵏⴻⵖⵏⵉ. ⴷⵉ ⵍⵄⴰⵍⴰⵇⴰⵜ ⵏⴻⵍ ⵉⵏⵜⴰⵊ ⵊⴷⵉⴷ ⵊⴰⵔ ⵉⵅⴻⴹⴰⵎⴻⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵃⴰⴱ ⴼⴰⴱⵔⵉⴽⴰⵜ, ⴰⵎⵅⵓⵎⴱⴻⵔ (ⵉⴷⵔⴰⴱ, ⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⵏⴻⵍ ⵊⴻⵎⵄⵉⵢⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜⴱⴰⴱⴻⵏ ⵏⴻⵛⵛⵉ...) ⵜⵓⵖⴰ ⵎⵓⵙⵜⴰⵃⵉⵍ ⴰⵜⵉⵜⵡⴰⵊⴻⵏⵏⴻⴱ ⴱⵏⴰⴷⴻⵎ, ⵓ ⴰⵡⴰⵔⵏⵉ ⵎⴰ ⵄⴷⵓⵏ ⵉⵙⴻⴳʷⵓⵙⴰ ⵢⴻⵟⴰⵅⴻⴷ ⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⴼⵓⵔⵎⴰⵜ, ⵓ ⵛⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⴰⵜ ⵓⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴽ ⵓⵎⴻⵏⵖⵉ.

ⴷⴻⴳ ⵏⴻⴳⴳⴰⵔ, ⵡⴰⵏⵣⴻⵎⵎⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴻⴼⵀⴻⵎ ⵍⵎⴻⵔⵃⴰⵍⴰⵢⴰ ⵏⴻⵊⴷⵉⴷ ⴱⵔⴰ ⵎⴰ ⵏⴻⵀⵜⴻⵎ ⵣⵉ ⵟⴰⵇⴰⴼⴰ, ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉ, ⵟⴰⵔⴼⵉⵀ ⴷ ⴰⵕⵉⵢⴰⴷⴰ, ⵉ ⵉⵟⴻⵏⵄⴰⴽⴰⵙⴻⵏ ⴷⴻⴳ ⵉⵊⵊⴻⵏ ⵍⵉⵔⵜⵉⴱⴰⵜ ⵏⴰⵇⴰⴱⵉ ⵎⴽⴻⵟⴻⴼ ⵉⴹⵉⴱⵓⵅⴰⵔ ⵉⵊⵊⴻⵏ ⵍⵎⵓⵊⵜⴰⵎⴰⵄ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉⵊⵊⴻⵏ ⴹⵉⵏⴰⵎⵉⴽⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵟⴰⵎⴻⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴱⵉⵖⴰⴷ ⴻⵏⵏⴰⴷⴰⵔ ⵅ ⵚⵓⵄⵓⴱⴰ ⵍ ⴹⵓⵔⵓⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵉⵖ ⴷⵓⵎⵅⵓⵎⴱⴻⵔ ⵉ ⵢⴻⴵⴰⵏ.

GID N AUDYU

12. Ijjen rmujtamaɛ sinaɛi

Ṣer i gid n audyu n rmetḥef-fa

Mmaṛṛa audyuyat i yeǧan

GID N ṢṢENYAL

12. Una societat industrial

scroll to top icon